Specifications for the installation position of stage lights when there are requirements for fire protection facilities

Compliance Standards for Stage Lighting Installation in Relation to Fire Protection Systems

Fire Safety Distance Requirements for Stage Lighting Fixtures

Minimum Clearance from Combustible Materials

Stage lighting fixtures must maintain specific distances from combustible materials to prevent fire hazards. For general-purpose lighting, a minimum clearance of 0.3 meters is required. High-temperature lamps, such as spotlights and iodine-tungsten lamps, demand a clearance of at least 0.5 meters. When the power of lighting fixtures ranges between 100W and 500W, the clearance should not be less than 0.5 meters; for fixtures with power between 500W and 2000W, the clearance should be at least 0.7 meters. For fixtures exceeding 2000W, a clearance of 1.2 meters is mandatory. These distances ensure that heat generated by the lamps does not ignite nearby flammable materials, such as curtains, drapes, or stage scenery.

Clearance from Fire Protection Equipment

Lighting fixtures must also be positioned to avoid obstructing fire protection equipment. For instance, smoke detectors should not be covered or blocked by lighting fixtures. The horizontal distance between smoke detectors and lighting fixtures with a capacity greater than 100W should be no less than 0.5 meters. Similarly, the horizontal distance between sprinkler heads and lighting fixtures should be at least 0.5 meters to ensure that the sprinklers can operate effectively without being blocked by the fixtures. Additionally, lighting fixtures should not be installed directly above sprinkler pipes to prevent water damage to the fixtures and ensure the proper functioning of the sprinkler system.

Installation Considerations for Different Types of Stage Lighting

Overhead Lighting and Ceiling-Mounted Fixtures

Overhead lighting, such as top lights and ceiling-mounted fixtures, should be installed on non-combustible bases. The wiring for these fixtures should be routed through metal conduits or cables with flame-retardant sheathing to prevent electrical fires. When installing fixtures near the ceiling, ensure that there is adequate space for heat dissipation. If the ceiling is made of combustible materials, additional fireproofing measures, such as installing fire-resistant barriers or using fire-resistant coatings, may be necessary.

Wall-Mounted and Side Lighting

Wall-mounted and side lighting fixtures, including ear lights and side lights, should be positioned to avoid direct exposure to combustible walls or decorations. The fixtures should be mounted on non-combustible brackets or frames, and the wiring should be protected to prevent damage from mechanical stress or heat. When installing side lighting near doors or windows, ensure that the fixtures do not obstruct the emergency exit paths or interfere with the operation of fire doors.

Portable and Mobile Lighting

Portable and mobile lighting fixtures, such as follow spots and moving head lights, should be used with caution in areas with fire protection requirements. These fixtures should be placed on stable, non-combustible surfaces and secured to prevent accidental tipping or movement. The power cords for portable fixtures should be kept away from walkways and emergency exit routes to avoid tripping hazards and damage to the cords. When using portable lighting in temporary setups, ensure that the electrical connections are secure and that the fixtures are not overloaded.

Electrical Safety and Fire Prevention Measures

Proper Wiring and Circuit Design

The electrical wiring for stage lighting should be designed and installed by qualified professionals to comply with local electrical codes and fire safety regulations. Lighting circuits should be separate from power circuits to prevent overloading and reduce the risk of electrical fires. Each lighting circuit should have its own branch circuit with appropriate short-circuit and overload protection devices. The use of non-combustible wiring materials, such as copper conductors, and flame-retardant cable sheathing is essential to enhance fire safety.

Voltage and Load Management

The voltage and load of stage lighting systems should be carefully managed to prevent overheating and electrical fires. The standard voltage for stage lighting is typically 220V, but for portable lighting fixtures, the supply voltage should not exceed 36V in normal conditions and 12V in wet areas. The use of autotransformers is prohibited to avoid voltage fluctuations and potential electrical hazards. The number of lighting fixtures on each branch circuit should be limited to ensure that the current does not exceed the rated capacity of the circuit. For example, a branch circuit should not have more than 20 lighting fixtures, and the current should be less than 15A for residential applications and 20A for industrial applications.

Regular Maintenance and Inspections

Regular maintenance and inspections of stage lighting systems are crucial for ensuring fire safety. Lighting fixtures should be cleaned regularly to remove dust and debris that can accumulate and pose a fire hazard. The electrical connections should be checked for tightness and signs of corrosion or damage. Damaged or worn-out components, such as lamps, sockets, and wiring, should be replaced promptly. Additionally, the fire protection equipment, such as smoke detectors and sprinkler systems, should be tested regularly to ensure that they are functioning properly and can respond effectively in case of a fire.